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Mathematician Hannah Fry didn’t like data – until she found out Wikipedia’s secret. Watch this extract from Wingspan Production's latest programme; The Joy of Data.
5 loops where clicking 1st link does not lead you to the Philosophy page. 0:00 Intro 0:57 Fact/Truth Loop 3:58 Mathematics/Arithmetic Loop 5:51 United States Loop 8:07 Tram Loop 8:35 Trump Loop 9:57 Random Pages #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis
Open a random page, click the 1st link, repeat: eventually you arrive at the Philosophy page. Study Skills playlist: 🤍 0:00 Intro 0:20 Tim Donahue (drummer) 2:02 List of WWE Women's Champions (oh my!) 2:40 Das Vierte 3:37 (1st detour into Wiktionary) 5:35 Acalyptris paradividua 6:28 German submarine U-198 6:53 Finer Feelings 7:59 Why this method consistenly leads to the Philosophy page 8:22 Dresden Castle 8:35 Mitchell Waite 9:50 List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage 10:49 Not every article leads to Philosophy, some lead to loops 11:10 What happens when we apply this method to the Philosophy article? #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis Drone in D, by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License 🤍
#Philosophicalrazors #Debate #Burden #Powerscale #SCPexplained #SCPWiki #Top5 #Logic #razors #philosophy #Occam'srazor #every #Hitchen'sRazor #wikipedia ME TikTok 🤍 Insta 🤍 Discord: Optimized#6254 Xbox: OptimizedYT#5620 In this video I go over every razor. Occam's Razor, Sagan's Standard, Hitchen's Razor, Newton's Flaming Razor Sword, Hanlon's Razor, Hume's Guillotine, Grice's Razor, Popper's Falsifiability Principle. Links Wikipedia 🤍 Problem of Induction 🤍 The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 🤍 MUSIC Lofi type beat "biscuit" - lukrembo 🤍 lukrembo - affogato 🤍 Moonshine - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: MY4O80WTCDZ4XURL Cozy - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: YGCQX83DMMSC8APC TIMESTAMPS 0:00 - Intro 0:36 - Occam's-Razor 1:13 - Sagan's-Standard 1:43 - Hitchen's-Razor 2:21 - Newton's-Flaming-Razor-Sword 3:02 - Hanlon's-Razor 3:36 - Hume's-Guillotine 4:28 - Grice's-Razor 5:24 - Popper's-Falsifiability-Principle 6:46 - Outro
Hannah Fry is a mathematician, author, lecturer, radio and TV presenter, podcaster and pyblic speaker.
For any random Wikipedia article, if you click the first link that is not in parenthesis or is an disambiguation, you will eventually get to Philosophy.
Click any blue link (that's not in parentheses) on any Wikipedia page, then repeat on the new page. This process will ALWAYS lead you to Philosophy. Edit: ALMOST always ;-) When an article leads back to itself, that's called a "loop." Some loops are temporary and they take care of themselves. Others are intentionally created by people trying to dethrone philosophy article. Either way, it's an interesting phenomenon! Why is this? In this video, I present one explanation. Visualizing the Wikipedia neural networks: 🤍 Original blog post: 🤍 And of course, Wikipedia itself, starting with some random article.
This video tells how and why almost every page on #Wikipedia leads to #philosophy when we click the first link of the article. Xefer Wikipedia radial graph: 🤍
Here's something strange, but it really works.. Go to Wikipedia, any random article will do. Click the first link of any article, but skip anything in parentheses (brackets). Repeat this and you will eventually end up on Philosophy. Wikipedia page about this trick! 🤍
Go to a random Wikipedia article, click on first link (skip parentheses). Repeat. You always end up on "Philosophy".
Wikipedia is no doubt one of the most useful resources as a student as it basically has articles on everything you can think of from history and literature to calculus and physics. Despite this, most teachers and professors aren't very big fans of Wikipedia given that the site has historically not been the most accurate or reputable because anyone can submit revisions and additions to the site. Over time, the site has become much more accurate due to the large number of contributors, and in most cases, all of the sources used for the wiki article are cited. So, Wikipedia is often a great starting point to get a general understanding of a topic or concept which can then be confirmed by cross-referencing the sources. But, this still leaves the question: Who founded Wikipedia and where are the founders today? This video explains the story of Larry Sanger, Jimmy Wales, and Wikipedia, and how they created one of the most resourceful sites in the world. Socials: 🤍 Discord Community: 🤍 Timestamps: 0:00 - Wikipedia 0:59 - Jimmy Wales 3:45 - Larry Sanger 6:00 - Nupedia 8:10 - Wikipedia 10:16 - Jimmy & Larry Today Thumbnail Credits: Rex 🤍 🤍 Resources: 🤍
YO YO YO WHAT'S UP PEOPLE!!!!! I came across this cool game which isn't actually a game per se. You guys should try it out too! It's been a long time since I uploaded a video. Thanks for sticking around. I'll do my best to be regular with uploads. #wiki #gaming #Wikipedia Like, share and subscribe!!! JAMHAMMER 🤍 INNOPID 🤍
Wikipedia does not care about rational thinking. This video shows why this is, using the Cultural Marxism article as an example. LINKS All My Links: 🤍 If you want to leave me a tip / support my content: 🤍 Follow me on Twitter for channel updates and general bantz: 🤍 My Discord: 🤍 Odysee Backup: 🤍 Rumble Backup: 🤍 = Additional reading: 🤍 🤍
Google's opinion about Russia(ns)... Why do people hate all the Russians?! In the video I'll show you some auto-fill stuff. I also included some part about Wikipedia. When you click in a random English wiki on the first link that's not italic or in brackets, you'll always end up at: Philosophy.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:02:14 1 Significant people and publications 00:05:10 2 Philosophy 00:09:29 3 Science 00:14:57 4 Sociology, economics and law 00:17:32 5 Politics 00:18:18 5.1 Theories of government 00:26:01 5.2 Enlightened absolutism 00:28:40 5.3 French Revolution 00:30:55 6 Religion 00:35:17 6.1 Separation of church and state 00:37:01 7 National variations 00:38:07 7.1 Great Britain 00:38:16 7.1.1 England 00:40:08 7.1.2 Scotland 00:41:24 7.1.3 American colonies 00:43:11 7.2 German states 00:48:28 7.3 Italy 00:51:03 7.4 Russia 00:52:37 7.5 Portugal 00:55:35 7.6 Poland 00:57:36 8 Historiography 00:59:10 8.1 Definition 00:59:58 8.2 Time span 01:04:01 8.3 Modern study 01:05:33 9 Society and culture 01:08:51 9.1 Social and cultural implications in the arts 01:14:10 10 Dissemination of ideas 01:18:20 10.1 The Republic of Letters 01:18:46 10.2 The book industry 01:23:26 10.3 Natural history 01:30:33 10.4 Scientific and literary journals 01:33:19 10.5 Encyclopedias and dictionaries 01:35:43 10.6 Popularization of science 01:43:24 10.7 Schools and universities 01:47:48 10.8 Learned academies 01:50:17 10.9 Salons 01:55:47 10.10 Coffeehouses 01:56:10 10.11 Debating societies 02:01:14 10.12 Masonic lodges 02:04:53 10.13 Art 02:12:04 11 Important intellectuals 02:12:54 12 See also 02:13:05 13 References Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.7694161934291918 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy".Some consider the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the first major enlightenment work. French historians traditionally date the Enlightenment from 1715 to 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. Most end it with the turn of the 19th century. Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets. The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment.The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. In France, the central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to an absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on the scientific method and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy—an attitude captured by the phrase Sapere aude (Dare to know).
We've all used WIkipedia before. But do you know how they got started? Well Wikipedia's origin story is actually pretty gross. This is a piece of Internet History you've probably never heard of! Visual Sources: 1990s Home Video - 🤍 1990s New York -🤍 Retro Computer Ads - 🤍 More 90s Commercials - 🤍 McDonalds Commercial - 🤍 Jimmy Wales Image - 🤍 Wales and Sanger - 🤍 Wikipedia Profit Chart - 🤍 2007 Commercials - 🤍 Vintage Ferrari - 🤍 Rolex Footage - 🤍 Jimbo - 🤍 Soulja Boy Huh -🤍 #InternetHistory #Wikipedia
Take any article and click on the first link not in parenthesis or italics. Repeat. Eventually you'll end up at the article on philosophy. 🤍 Thanx to Randell Munroe for suggesting this idea: 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Philosophy of science 00:03:37 1 Introduction 00:03:46 1.1 Defining science 00:05:16 1.2 Scientific explanation 00:06:41 1.3 Justifying science 00:09:36 1.4 Observation inseparable from theory 00:11:13 1.5 The purpose of science 00:12:39 1.6 Values and science 00:13:48 2 History 00:13:57 2.1 Pre-modern 00:14:55 2.2 Modern 00:16:37 2.3 Logical positivism 00:20:10 2.4 Thomas Kuhn 00:22:10 3 Current approaches 00:22:19 3.1 Naturalism's axiomatic assumptions 00:25:57 3.2 Coherentism 00:28:16 3.3 Anything goes methodology 00:29:23 3.4 Sociology of scientific knowledge methodology 00:31:40 3.5 Continental philosophy 00:34:03 4 Other topics 00:34:12 4.1 Reductionism 00:35:04 4.2 Social accountability 00:35:51 5 Philosophy of particular sciences 00:36:35 5.1 Philosophy of statistics 00:37:29 5.2 Philosophy of mathematics 00:38:25 5.3 Philosophy of physics 00:39:09 5.4 Philosophy of chemistry 00:40:17 5.5 Philosophy of Earth sciences 00:40:52 5.6 Philosophy of biology 00:42:17 5.7 Philosophy of medicine 00:43:27 5.8 Philosophy of psychology 00:46:40 5.9 Philosophy of psychiatry 00:47:28 5.10 Philosophy of economics 00:48:38 5.11 Philosophy of social science 00:51:25 6 See also 00:51:34 7 Footnotes 00:51:43 8 Sources 00:51:52 9 Further reading 00:52:01 10 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth. There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself. While philosophical thought pertaining to science dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead arguing that any progress is relative to a "paradigm," the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period. Karl Popper and Charles Sanders Peirce moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Subsequently, the coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole, became prominent due to W. V. Quine and others. Some thinkers such as Stephen Jay Gould seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. A vocal minority of philosophers, and Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the "scientific method", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in continental philosophy approaches science from the perspect ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:01:06 1 Synopsis 00:03:37 2 Reception Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.8310338278323767 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company’s Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University. The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of South Park as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture. The book was published December 1, 2006. The following year, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating—volume 26 of Open Court Publishing Company's Popular Culture and Philosophy series—was published, with editing by philosopher Richard Hanley.
Video summary: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːtʃə] (listen) or [ˈniːtsʃə]; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, and philologist whose work has exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900.Nietzsche's writing spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favor of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of existence in response to the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterization of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and the doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew early inspiration from figures such as philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, composer Richard Wagner, and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.After his death, his sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of Nietzsche's manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German nationalist ideology while often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism; 20th-century scholars contested this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th and early-21st century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, psychology, politics, and popular culture. Article: 🤍 About us: The AI reader History channel helps you learn about History. We use Wikipedia articles one of the most reliable sources on the internet. Learn while driving, while at the office, or while relaxing at home. Just turn on our channel and learn about all sorts of historic events and people. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (🤍
Video summary: Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. Article: 🤍 About us: The AI reader History channel helps you learn about History. We use Wikipedia articles one of the most reliable sources on the internet. Learn while driving, while at the office, or while relaxing at home. Just turn on our channel and learn about all sorts of historic events and people. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (🤍
Wikipedia is Darker Than You Thought Wikipedia is Darker than you thought! Don’t believe me? What if I told you that there’s an article about a book linked to the death of 3 children, another one about a banned DVD that showcases horrible actions committed towards a person with a disability, and one more about an isolated man… Let’s look at these articles! Discord Server Link: 🤍 #wikipedia #disturbing
If you're new, Subscribe! → 🤍 Richard Kruspe of Rammstein and Emigrate sits down with Graham 'Gruhamed' Hartmann for a round of 'Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?'. Go here → 🤍 Like us → 🤍 Follow us → 🤍 Get our newsletter → 🤍 Follow Graham 'Gruhamed' Hartmann → 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: David Lewis (philosopher) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = David Kellogg Lewis (September 28, 1941 – October 14, 2001) was an American philosopher. Lewis taught briefly at UCLA and then at Princeton from 1970 until his death. He is also closely associated with Australia, whose philosophical community he visited almost annually for more than thirty years. He made contributions in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of probability, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophical logic, and aesthetics. He is probably best known for his controversial modal realist stance: that (i) possible worlds exist, (ii) every possible world is a concrete entity, (iii) any possible world is causally and spatiotemporally isolated from any other possible world, and (iv) our world is among the possible worlds.
ALSO AVAILABLE AS PODCAST! Apple: 🤍 Podbean: 🤍 In this video/podcast, we join Fabien Benetou in his online, personal VR environment in Mozilla Hubs Cloud. We discuss the possibility of storing information visuospatially, such as Benetou's VR Wiki, Memory/Mind Palaces, and the possibility of exploring a shared VR Wikipedia in the future. Particularly, we discuss how we can extend our minds through VR.
Highlights of stream originally aired August 25, 2019 🤍 Learn more about Elliot Temple's philosophy 🤍 Edited by Justin Mallone 🤍 0:00 - Wikipedia bias against the Bible 4:55 - Replying to a Bible-related chat comment 7:41 - Learning philosophy and helping the world 12:02 - Correcting your errors while reading 15:21 - Trying to help without being a good thinker 19:32 - Getting stuck 22:29 - How to learn logic Art attribution for thumbnail icon: Icons made by 🤍 from 🤍
Can you really get from ANY Wikipedia page to the Jesus page via only the hyperlinks? I give it a go, and it turns out you can. I see this as a fun little demonstration that Jesus is before all things, and in Jesus all things hold together. The pushback: surely you can get from any article on Wikipedia to any other? Well yes. Probably. But I still think it's quite cool. Bit of a fun video here. This game is called Wikiracing: A Wikirace (IPA: /ˈwɪ.ki.rɛɪs/) is a race between any number of participants, using links to travel from one Wikipedia page to another. - Wikipedia Play it for yourself: 🤍 You're watching Stir and Fry, Christian apologetics in a filmy sort of way. - TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 - Intro 0:28 - From Yeh Dil Kisko Doon (1963 Bollywood film) to Jesus in 7 clicks 1:03 - From PDMI (Portable Digital Media Interface) to Jesus in 9 clicks 1:43 - From Paskov (surname) to Jesus in 6 clicks 2:19 - From 1997 NCAA Division II Men's Ice Hockey Tournament to Jesus in 8 clicks 3:21 - Outro - LINKS: Wikipedia-logo-v2 by Version 1 by Nohat (concept by Paullusmagnus); Wikimedia. - File:Wikipedia-logo.svg as of 14 May 2010T23:16:42, CC BY-SA 3.0, 🤍 - CONNECT WITH STIR AND FRY: Website: 🤍 TikTok: 🤍 Email: stirandfryproductions🤍gmail.com - #Apologetics
Video summary: Immanuel Kant (UK: , US: ; German: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant, -nu̯ɛl -]; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy.In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued that space and time are mere "forms of intuition" which structure all experience, and therefore that while "things-in-themselves" exist and contribute to experience, they are nonetheless distinct from the objects of experience. From this it follows that the objects of experience are mere "appearances", and that the nature of things as they are in themselves is consequently unknowable to us. In an attempt to counter the skepticism he found in the writings of philosopher David Hume, he wrote the Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787), one of his most well-known works. In it, he developed his theory of experience to answer the question of whether synthetic a priori knowledge is possible, which would in turn make it possible to determine the limits of metaphysical inquiry. Kant drew a parallel to the Copernican revolution in his proposal that the objects of the senses must conform to our spatial and temporal forms of intuition, and that we can consequently have a priori cognition of the objects of the senses.Kant believed that reason is also the source of morality, and that aesthetics arise from a faculty of disinterested judgment. Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond what he believed to be the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as Hume. He regarded himself as showing the way past the impasse between rationalists and empiricists, and is widely held to have synthesized both traditions in his thought.Kant was an exponent of the idea that perpetual peace could be secured through universal democracy and international cooperation, and that perhaps this could be the culminating stage of world history. The nature of Kant's religious views continues to be the subject of scholarly dispute, with viewpoints ranging from the impression that he shifted from an early defense of an ontological argument for the existence of God to a principled agnosticism, to more critical treatments epitomized by Schopenhauer, who criticized the imperative form of Kantian ethics as "theological morals" and the "Mosaic Decalogue in disguise", and Nietzsche, who claimed that Kant had "theologian blood" and was merely a sophisticated apologist for traditional Christian faith. Beyond his religious views, Kant has also been criticized for the racism presented in some of his lesser-known works, such as Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View and "On the Different Races of Man".Kant published other important works on ethics, religion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, and history. These include the Universal Natural History (1755), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), the Critique of Judgment (1790), which looks at aesthetics and teleology, and Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason (1793). Article: 🤍 About us: The AI reader History channel helps you learn about History. We use Wikipedia articles one of the most reliable sources on the internet. Learn while driving, while at the office, or while relaxing at home. Just turn on our channel and learn about all sorts of historic events and people. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (🤍
Freakin' weird. I love things like this. 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:00:43 1 Background 00:01:04 2 Summary 00:02:20 3 Reception 00:02:54 4 See also 00:03:06 5 Notes and references 00:03:16 6 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.8300139560944819 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature is a 1979 book by American philosopher Richard Rorty, in which the author attempts to dissolve modern philosophical problems instead of solving them by presenting them as pseudo-problems that only exist in the language-game of epistemological projects culminating in analytic philosophy. In a pragmatist gesture, Rorty suggests that philosophy must get past these pseudo-problems if it is to be productive. The work was considered controversial upon publication, and had its greatest success outside analytic philosophy.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:02:10 1 Contents 00:02:19 1.1 Expressed aim and topics covered 00:04:54 1.2 Book 1, iDe motu corporum/i 00:07:28 1.3 Book 2 00:09:34 1.4 Book 3, iDe mundi systemate/i 00:12:03 1.5 Commentary on the iPrincipia/i 00:15:08 1.6 Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy 00:19:09 1.7 General Scholium 00:21:19 2 Writing and publication 00:21:29 2.1 Halley and Newton's initial stimulus 00:25:50 2.2 Preliminary version 00:29:33 2.3 Halley's role as publisher 00:30:35 3 Historical context 00:30:45 3.1 Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution 00:33:21 3.2 Newton's role 00:34:30 3.3 Newton's early work on motion 00:35:57 3.4 Controversy with Hooke 00:42:36 4 Location of early-edition copies 00:44:59 5 Later editions 00:45:12 5.1 Second edition, 1713 00:47:51 5.2 Third edition, 1726 00:48:19 5.3 Annotated and other editions 00:49:38 5.4 English translations 00:51:32 5.5 Homages 00:52:00 6 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.9714783524712964 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia , is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726. The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (which Kepler first obtained empirically). The Principia is considered one of the most important works in the history of science.The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: "The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses."A more recent assessment has been that while acceptance of Newton's theories was not immediate, by the end of a century after publication in 1687, "no one could deny that" (out of the Principia) "a science had emerged that, at least in certain respects, so far exceeded anything that had ever gone before that it stood alone as the ultimate exemplar of science generally."In formulating his physical theories, Newton developed and used mathematical methods now included in the field of calculus. But the language of calculus as we know it was largely absent from the Principia; Newton gave many of his proofs in a geometric form of infinitesimal calculus, based on limits of ratios of vanishing small geometric quantities. In a revised conclusion to the Principia (see General Scholium), Newton used his expression that became famous, Hypotheses non fingo ("I formulate no hypotheses").
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:00:31 1 Contents 00:00:47 1.1 Expressed aim and topics covered 00:01:19 1.2 Book 1, iDe motu corporum/i 00:01:51 1.3 Book 2, part 2 of De motu corporum 00:02:23 1.4 Book 3, iDe mundi systemate/i 00:02:55 1.5 Commentary on the iPrincipia/i 00:03:26 1.6 Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy 00:04:14 1.7 General Scholium 00:04:46 2 Writing and publication 00:05:02 2.1 Halley and Newton's initial stimulus 00:05:50 2.2 Preliminary version 00:06:21 2.3 Halley's role as publisher 00:06:53 3 Historical context 00:07:09 3.1 Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution 00:07:41 3.2 Newton's role 00:08:13 3.3 Newton's early work on motion 00:08:45 3.4 Controversy with Hooke 00:09:32 4 Location of early edition copies 00:10:04 5 Later editions 00:10:20 5.1 Second edition, 1713 00:10:52 5.2 Third edition, 1726 00:11:24 5.3 Annotated and other editions 00:11:56 5.4 English translations 00:12:27 5.5 Homages 00:12:59 6 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.9464949431875684 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia (), is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726. The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (which Kepler first obtained empirically). The Principia is considered one of the most important works in the history of science. The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: "The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses."A more recent assessment has been that while acceptance of Newton's theories was not immediate, by the end of a century after publication in 1687, "no one could deny that" (out of the Principia) "a science had emerged that, at least in certain respects, so far exceeded anything that had ever gone before that it stood alone as the ultimate exemplar of science generally."In formulating his physical theories, Newton developed and used mathematical methods now included in the field of calculus. But the language of calculus as we know it was largely absent from the Principia; Newton gave many of his proofs in a geometric form of infinitesimal calculus, based on limits of ratios of vanishing small geometric quantities. In a revised conclusion to the Principia (see General Scholium), Newton used his expression that became famous, Hypotheses non fingo ("I feign no hypotheses").
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. This video uses material from the Wikipedia article 🤍 Biography 00:03:12 - Childhood and early education: 1818–1836 00:07:43 - Hegelianism and early journalism: 1836–1843 00:12:52 - Paris: 1843–1845 00:19:30 - Brussels: 1845–1848 00:26:38 - Cologne: 1848–1849 00:29:02 - Move to London and further writing: 1850–1860 00:31:56 - New-York Daily Tribune and journalism 00:37:44 - First International and Das Kapital Personal life 00:47:01 - Family 00:48:43 - Health 00:53:55 - Death Thought 00:59:04 - Influences 01:03:16 - Philosophy and social thought 01:03:42 - Human nature 01:05:53 - Labour, class struggle and false consciousness 01:09:10 - Critique of political economy, history and society 01:18:29 - International relations 01:23:52 - Legacy 01:29:46 - Selected bibliography This channel turns Wikipedia pages into videos! If you have any requests for a specific Wikipedia page to be turned into video format please email us or leave a comment on one of our videos. This channel is not affiliated with Wikipedia in any way, and is entirely a private venture. If you have found this channel useful please consider donating to The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that operates Wikipedia. I know I couldn't have gotten through school without it...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia, dealing with philosophy, philosophical topics, and philosophers. The IEP combines open access publication with peer reviewed publication of original papers. Contribution is generally by invitation, and contributors are recognized and leading international specialists within their field.
Larry Sanger, best known as Wikipedia’s co-founder, has started or help start many educational and reference websites: Nupedia, Encyclopedia of Earth, WatchKnowLearn, Reading Bear, Infobitt, and most recently Everipedia, which he has joined as Chief Information Officer planning the world’s first blockchain encyclopedia network. A philosophy Ph.D. whose dissertation concerned the theory of knowledge, Sanger has also written and spoken about the philosophy of the Internet and of online communities. Sanger currently lives in Ohio, U.S.A., with his wife and two homeschooled boys.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Philosophical Investigations Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophical Investigations (German: Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, first published, posthumously, in 1953, in which Wittgenstein discusses numerous problems and puzzles in the fields of semantics, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of action, and philosophy of mind. He puts forth the view that conceptual confusions surrounding language use are at the root of most philosophical problems, contradicting or discarding much of what he argued in his earlier work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921). He alleges that the problems are traceable to a set of related assumptions about the nature of language, which themselves presuppose a particular conception of the essence of language. This conception is considered and ultimately rejected for being too general; that is, as an essentialist account of the nature of language it is simply too narrow to be able to account for the variety of things we do with language. Wittgenstein begins the book with a quotation from Augustine of Hippo, whom he cites as a proponent of the generalized and limited conception that he then summarizes: The individual words in language name objects—sentences are combinations of such names. In this picture of language we find the roots of the following idea: Every word has a meaning. This meaning is correlated with the word. It is the object for which the word stands. He then sets out throughout the rest of the book to demonstrate the limitations of this conception, including, he argues, with many traditional philosophical puzzles and confusions that arise as a result of this limited picture. Philosophical Investigations is highly influential. Within the analytic tradition, the book is considered by many as being one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century, and it continues to influence contemporary philosophers, especially those studying mind and language.
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